How to control the noise and vibration generated by high-speed machines during high-speed processing?

During high-speed machining, the noise and vibration of machine tools are inevitable. Especially when machining high-speed and high-precision workpieces, noise and vibration problems will not only affect the working environment, but may also affect the machining quality and the long-term stability of the equipment. Therefore, how to effectively control the noise and vibration of high-speed machines during high-speed machining has become an important topic in modern machine tool design and technology research and development.
The noise of high-speed machine tools mainly comes from the cutting process of the high-speed rotating spindle and tool. During high-speed cutting, the contact between the tool and the workpiece produces strong vibration, which in turn triggers the propagation of sound waves. In order to reduce noise, many high-speed machine tools adopt high-precision spindle design, especially strict control of the balance of the spindle. By using high-quality bearings and optimizing the spindle structure, the vibration caused by imbalance can be reduced during high-speed rotation, thereby effectively reducing noise. In addition, some machine tools also use sound insulation covers and sound insulation materials to wrap the fuselage to reduce the spread of noise and achieve the effect of sound insulation and noise reduction.
Vibration control is another focus in the design of high-speed machine tools. Vibration not only leads to a decrease in machining accuracy, but also may affect the life of the tool. In order to reduce vibration, modern high-speed machine tools have made many innovations in structural design. For example, a more rigid bed and support structure are used to increase the overall stability of the machine tool. The machine tool bed is usually made of cast iron or composite materials, which have good damping properties and can effectively absorb the vibration generated when the tool contacts the workpiece. In addition, the design of the machine tool also focuses on optimizing the distribution of cutting forces to avoid local stress concentration, thereby reducing the source of vibration.
In addition to structural optimization, some high-speed machine tools are also equipped with active or passive vibration reduction systems. These systems can monitor the vibration state of the machine tool in real time and adjust according to the vibration conditions. For example, vibration sensors are used to monitor the dynamic response of various parts of the machine tool. When the system detects abnormal vibration, it automatically adjusts the cutting parameters, such as feed rate or cutting depth, to avoid increased vibration. Passive vibration reduction systems usually absorb and reduce vibration energy by installing dampers or vibration reduction devices at key parts of the machine tool.
The selection and management of tools is also a key factor in controlling noise and vibration. The material, geometry and wear condition of the tool will affect the vibration and noise during the cutting process. Using high-quality tools can reduce vibration caused by tool quality problems. The adaptability of the tool is also very important. Choosing the right tool to match the cutting conditions can greatly reduce the vibration during cutting, thereby reducing noise. Regular inspection and replacement of tools to avoid excessive tool wear is also an important measure to ensure that noise and vibration are effectively controlled.
The selection and use of cutting fluid is also an important factor in vibration reduction and noise reduction. Good cutting fluid can not only improve processing efficiency, but also reduce the friction between the tool and the workpiece, thereby reducing vibration and noise. Cutting fluid can play a cooling and lubricating role, reduce heat accumulation during cutting, reduce material deformation caused by thermal expansion, and thus reduce the impact of vibration on processing quality.
The maintenance and care of machine tools also play an important role in controlling noise and vibration. With the increase of use time, the parts of the machine tool may wear, loosen or age, which may lead to increased noise and vibration. Therefore, regular inspection of key components such as spindles, bearings, and tools to ensure that they are in good working condition is an important means to maintain low noise and low vibration. The lubrication system of the machine tool also needs to be kept in good condition to avoid friction and vibration problems caused by lack of oil or poor oil quality.